inBloom, a roughly $100 million student-data initiative funded chiefly by the Gates Foundation (with Carnegie), shut down in April 2014 after an intense backlash from parents and privacy advocates. The nonprofit aimed to pool detailed student records — grades, test scores, disciplinary and health information, and more — in the cloud so schools and software could personalize learning, but critics argued the trove of sensitive data on millions of children was unsafe in third-party hands. One by one the participating states and districts pulled out, and inBloom folded — a high-profile setback for Gates's data-driven approach to education reform.